Origin of last names: how to trace the history of your surnames?

Explore the origin of last names and discover how professions, places, or physical characteristics influenced your surnames.

Origin of last names: how to trace the history of your surnames?

©️Archives de Rennes


Some time ago, we shared with you 5 resources on last names in France (and not only). An article that helps you find the meaning and origin of your surname. But have you ever wondered what the origin of last names is? Why do we use them? How have they evolved over time? Here are some explanations. 


Gaul, Roman Empire, and barbarian invasions: different uses of the last name


In Gaul first, individuals were given only one name. This name was often linked to a quality, a profession, or an achievement. It was not passed down. 


However, the expansion of the Roman Empire widely spread the use of the Roman name, consisting of a first name, a last name, and a nickname, until the 3rd century. 


The arrival of barbarian invasions replaced the use of the Roman name with names of Germanic origin, often composed of two syllables. The name was still not passed down. 


Then, the expansion of Christianity imposed that the baptized choose a new name for use to mark their new belief. 



In the Middle Ages, the last name becomes democratic 

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